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Problems in the process of information exchange
It should be noted that some problems may arise in the process of interpersonal information exchange. Such problems include the following:
-Mental difference in perception.
- Spiritual (semantic) barrier.
-Nonverbal gestures.
-Filtering.
-Overabundance of communication channels.
- Inadequate organizational structure (content).
People interpret and accept the same information differently due to their different levels of knowledge, life experiences, and emotional feelings. The relationship between the leader and the subordinate also plays an important role here. Where there is mutual trust and mutual understanding, the scope of information will expand, their accuracy will increase, and responsibility will be the same.
Ma'spiritual semantic barrier It is manifested in the fact that the symbols used in encoding the transmitted information do not match the tastes of the receivers of the information (in terms of their positions, positions, mentality, national customs).
In addition to symbols, when exchanging information, non-verbal, i.e., not verbally or verbally, but gestures, such as face, posture, voice, etc., can cause the meaning of the spoken word to be conveyed to the executor with a radical change. According to psychologists, up to 90% of verbal information is received not verbally, but non-verbally.
Filtering — information is simplified, processed, and relevant summaries are issued in order to make it compact, to clean it from unpleasant "information" in the process of rapid delivery of information to the consumer. In addition, lower-level leaders are forced to be higher-level leaders, although they do not want to. They do not send non-existent information. In this way information is filtered.
Excess of communication capitals also has a negative impact on the communication process. Such a problem occurs due to the lack of means of information processing and their transmission or their imperfection.
Inappropriate organizational structure is also one of the factors causing problems in the communication process. The more management links there are, the more functions, tasks and powers overlap each other, the slower the information reaches its destination. As a result, within this dpavr, "corrections" acceptable to him are made in each joint. In this process, the conflicts that occur in departments and links create serious obstacles to the exchange of information and decision-making.
The transmission and reception of information largely depends on the level of effective listening skills. American scientist Professor Keith Davis gives 10 rules of effective listening. Take a moment to read the rules one by one. Visualize a specific person you are talking to face-to-face and rate how well you follow these rules (Table 1).
Nature has given man two ears, but only one tongue. To put it mildly, this saying is heard more than spoken. Two ears are needed to hear: one is needed to receive the essence of words, and the other is needed to catch the speaker's feelings.
Table 1. 10 rules of effective listening
T / r |
Rules |
Explanation |
1. |
Stop talking |
- It is impossible to listen while talking. There is a saying that whisper to everyone, but "don't shout to anyone". |
2. |
Help the speaker to feel at ease |
- Create conditions for the speaker to feel free. This is often called creating a decisive environment |
3. |
Show that you are listening to the speaker |
-Show that you care and act accordingly. Do not read newspapers or magazines during the conversation. Instead of looking for excuses to reject it, try to understand it |
4. |
Eliminate situations that touch the gas |
-Don't draw pictures, don't hit the table, don't move papers from one place to another, maybe if the door is closed, there will be silence in the room |
5. |
Be patient |
-Don't waste your time. Don't interrupt the speaker. do not force the exit, do not step towards the door |
6. |
Empathize with the speaker |
-Try putting the speaker on yourself |
7. |
Keep your character |
-A person who is angry tends to add uncertainty to the content of the conversation |
8. |
Avoid arguments and criticism |
-This situation forces the speaker to go on the defensive. He may become silent or become angry. This is exactly the battle you will win and lose |
9. |
Ask questions |
- When this inspires the speaker, he once again admits that you are listening to him. It helps to move forward |
10. |
Stop talking |
- The first advice started from that. That's the end of it. After all, everything mentioned depends on it. If you don't stop talking, you don't know how to listen effectively |