High blood pressure (hypertension)

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High arterial blood pressure has a negative effect on the blood vessels because they suddenly constrict over a short period of time. At very high pressures, some blood vessels rupture and internal bleeding occurs. Hemorrhagic infarction occurs in organs with lost elasticity and fragility.

About hypertension…

Hypertension is a disease caused by dysfunction of blood vessels. The disease mainly occurs in people over 40 years of age, but in recent years it has been noted to be more common in young people. Both women and men suffer from hypertension equally. This disease is the leading cause of death among people with diseases of the cardiovascular system.

For decades, scientists have been busy studying this disease. According to research, hypertension is one of the leading causes of disability on the planet. According to statistics, if first aid is given late when blood pressure rises, the condition of patients can become very serious and even death can be observed.

Signs and symptoms of high blood pressure

The main symptom of hypertension is a headache due to spasm and narrowing of the cerebral vessels. It is also often manifested by noise in the ears, decreased visual acuity, weakness, sleep disturbances, dizziness, a feeling of heaviness in the head, increased heart rate. These symptoms are felt in the early stages of the disease. Later, heart failure occurs due to prolonged stressful work of the heart.

In addition, many patients experience the following symptoms:

• Easily nosebleeds;

• Return;

• Insomnia;

• Memory impairment;

• Redness of the skin surface after any physical activity;

• Strong pressure in the eye (the patient has pain in the eyes when looking around, so they prefer to rest and keep their eyes closed);

• Rapid heartbeat;

• Tumor formation in tissues;

• Fatigue.

Causes of hypertension

The reason for the development of the disease is prolonged walking in a state of stress and depression, often psychological tensions. Often these are caused by work activities that require constant emotional tension. In addition, patients with concussions have a higher risk of developing the disease. Hereditary predisposition is also among the causes: if a person has this disease in his offspring, then the risk of developing this disease increases several times.

One of the main factors influencing the development of the disease is a sedentary lifestyle. As people get older, they may develop atherosclerosis, and against the background of this change, an increase in blood pressure exacerbates the situation. This is extremely life-threatening because there is a lack of blood flow to the brain, heart, and parts of the kidneys through narrowed blood vessels. If there are accumulations of thrombi and cholesterol in the walls of the blood vessels, they can separate during strong pressure, clogging the capillaries and blocking blood flow. In this case, myocardial infarction or stroke occurs.

Increased blood pressure in women can be caused by hormonal changes during menopause. Salt, or more precisely, the sodium it contains, as well as smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity also put pressure on the cardiovascular system.

In general, the factors influencing the development of hypertension are:

• Overweight, metabolic disorders, endocrine disorders, sedentary lifestyle;

• Regular emotional stresses, depression, tragic events, loss of loved ones;

• Strong nervous tension due to problems in business, work;

• Brain injuries (car accident, fall, hypothermia);

• Chronic diseases that have a negative impact on the cardiovascular system (diabetes, gout, rheumatoid arthritis);

• Hereditary predisposition;

• Viral and infectious diseases (meningitis, sinusitis, hemorrhoids);

• Age-related changes in blood vessels;

• High levels of cholesterol in the blood result in accumulations in the walls of the blood vessels;

• Menopausal women over the age of 40 (during significant hormonal changes in the body, often latent diseases begin to develop and they can affect the development of hypertension);

• Harmful habits (smoking, drinking alcohol, excessive coffee consumption);

• Consume large amounts of salt during the day;

• Increased adrenaline in the blood;

• Sitting in front of a computer for a long time;

• Less walking in the open air, etc.

What is a hypertensive crisis?

Hypertensive crisis is a manifestation of the peak of the disease. In this case, the blood pressure rises rapidly, all of the above symptoms are observed, in addition, patients experience nausea, vomiting, sweating, darkening of the eyes. Such crises can last from a few minutes to several hours. The heart rate increases significantly, and the patient experiences fear and excitement. In this case, the cheeks become red, and control over the separation of urine and feces is lost. Hypertensive crisis often occurs in the afternoon or evening.

Another manifestation of a hypertensive crisis is that it develops over a long period of time and it can cause the patient to suffer for 4-5 hours or even a few days. This condition manifests itself in the later stages of the disease and occurs against the background of an increase in blood pressure. At this time, the patient experiences a decrease in brain activity, especially speech, and sensitivity in the limbs.

Diagnosis of hypertension

To make an accurate diagnosis of a patient, the doctor will need to perform several laboratory tests and hardware tests. The purpose of the diagnosis is to determine the stage of the disease and the degree of hypertension. With this information, the doctor will be able to choose an effective method of treatment.

Because the early stages of the disease are latent, most patients visit the doctor late. Complete cure of the disease is very difficult, so patients need to be patient, because the disease can accompany them for the rest of their lives. Therefore, timely prevention of the disease, it is necessary to undergo a medical examination if suspicious symptoms appear.

At home, everyone should measure their blood pressure regularly, the optimal value is 120/80 mm Hg (listed as a unit below), 130/90 for adults. As a result of environmental exposure or physical activity, the pressure may increase by 5-10 units. A very large difference between low and high pressure is also a sign of concern - typically this figure should not exceed 50 units. If frequent changes in blood pressure are observed, it is recommended to see a doctor.

Stages of hypertension

Modern medicine distinguishes 3 stages of arterial hypertension:

• Stage 1 - Blood pressure is in the range of 140-159 / 90-99 mm Hg. Blood pressure may return to normal from time to time and rise again;

• Stage 2— Blood pressure in the range of 160-179 / 100-109 mm Hg. Arterial blood pressure often rises and rarely falls back to normal.

• Stage 3 - pressure 180/110 mm wire. rises above. The pressure is constantly high and its decrease is caused by heart disease.

Treatment of high blood pressure

In the treatment of the disease, a qualified physician selects a course of treatment with individual drugs for each patient. In most cases, the following drugs are prescribed:

• Thiazide diuretics - these drugs reduce fluid levels in the body and consequently lower blood pressure;

• Cancers (angiotensin II receptor blockers) have been used since the 1990s. It is one of the modern medicines that keeps blood pressure in check for 24 hours after a single dose;

• Calcium antagonists are prescribed when cardiac abnormalities, arrhythmias, angina and cerebral atherosclerosis are observed;

• Beta-blockers - normalize heart rhythm;

• Alpha-adrenoceptor blockers - very carefully dilate blood vessels.

It is recommended that patients stay away from any stress or emotional tension during treatment. Patients are advised to walk outdoors: around the pool, in the garden, in the woods. Proper nutrition is important in the successful treatment of hypertension.

Eating habits

First of all, it is necessary to eliminate from the daily diet products that contain "bad" cholesterol and large amounts of salt. To them:

• Fatty meat;

• Charvy;

• Fried foods;

• Smoked products;

• Salts are included.

It is beneficial to eat bread that has been standing for a day or two instead of fresh bread that has been taken out of the oven. The daily diet should include more products that are rich in cervitamine, minerals, and help fight disease. To them:

• Vegetables;

• Fruits;

• Berries;

• Greens;

• Dairy products;

• Dietary meat;

• Bean;

• Rice, buckwheat, etc.