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Basic spelling rules of the Uzbek language

Plan :

Spelling of vowels.

Spelling of consonants.
Places of use of the arrest sign/
Basic and adverbial spelling.

BASIC CONCEPTS

6. Basis.
7. Additional.
Sound option. Sound change.
Concomitant vowels. Increase in volume.
Concomitant consonants. Sound reduction.
Letter A:

1) brother, flame, connection, brother; September, November in words such as, the front line is written to represent a broad vowel;

2) spring, time; question, body; the temptation a is pronounced and written in the front syllable of words such as time and time.

The letter O:

1) mother, survivor, sun, sacrifice, price, aunt, Latin; reward, skill in words like, the back row is written to represent a broad vowel;

2) box, train, ton, loot; agronomist, microphone; director, thermos is written to represent the vowel in possessive words such as

The letter Ii:

1) work, trace, do; threshing, inspiration, two, specialty, silk, fox; volida, pyramid; with, but, sira, village, lamp in words such as, the front line is written to represent a narrow vowel;

2) firewood, plum, section as in the previous syllable o ' in the next syllable of words where a vowel occurs i spoken and written.

The letter uu:

1) house, day; calf, spring, Bukhara; whole, plane, method, star; ideology; mirror, sleep; aluminum, jubilee in words like, the back row is written to represent a narrow vowel;

2) melon, soap, sound, evil, pheasant, chermuvuk in the preceding syllable of words like o when a vowel comes, at the beginning of the next closed syllable v after a consonant u spoken and written.

The letter O grass, arrow, Uzbek, plant, ball; Stupid, fat, flower bed, inappropriate in words like
The letter ee crop, remember, evara, screen, export; come, mind; yesterday, quince; telephone, theater; train, atelier; announcement, blessing, poem in words like
Spelling of accompanying vowels:

1) sometimes between vowels y even if it is pronounced with a consonant, it is not written:

a) i: material, billion, radiator; nature, sharia such as;
b) io: biology, million, stadium, radio such as;
d) Who: mosaic, Ukrainian, said, life such as;
e) hey: alcoloid, ellipsoid, always, poet, family such as;
f) yes: theater, ocean, laureate such as;

2) ae, oe second vowel when vowels occur within a word y even if it is said, according to the original e is written: an aerostat, a poem such as.

In other cases, the accompanying vowels are usually pronounced and written exactly: interest, rubber, aorta, happiness, bourgeois, shuaro, structure, industry, vacuum, problem, press, natural, compliance and others.

SPELLING OF CONSONANTS

The letter Bb:

1) grandpa, spring, one, forced, tattoo in words like;

2) book, hundreds, come at the end of words like p even though b is written;

3) qibla, tobla sometimes in words like v even though b is written.

The letter Pp cotton, knife, sister, top, bush, cover is written to represent a voiceless explosive lip consonant in words like
The letter Vv:

1) hunting, water, groom; voice, question; volida, homeland in words like;

2) bus, auto in adjectival words such as v sometimes f even though v is written.

Letter F:

1) science, verb, football, physics; asphalt, double; honesty, waste in words like;

2) season, grace, Fatima, opportunity in words like f sound sometimes p even if it is said, according to the original f is written.

Mm letter in words such as moy, mubarak, tamo, ilhom, the voiced lip-lab is written to express the nasal consonant.
Letter D:

1) field, habit, structure, substance, serious in words such as;

2) manners, literacy, pearl; factory, pud, court; a bastard, a bastard in words like t even though d is written.

The letter Tt morning, night; whole, firewood, grass, wait in words like ti1 is written to represent a voiceless explosive consonant.
Letter Z:

1) dice, time; clean, Uzbek; summer, goose in words like;

2) suffering, izquvar, desolator, without salt before a voiceless consonant in words like s even though z is written.

The letter Ss healthy, straw, easy, base, diamond in words like
Sh sh is a combination of letters city, glass, joy; love, ripe; head, rock in words like

S h If the letters represent two sounds, a hyphen (') is placed between them: Is'haq, like Ash'ab.

Letter Jj:

1) soul, world, business, commerce; development in words such as, it is written to express a mixed consonant with a pre-tongue sound;

2) magazine, projector; gijda, dragon, circulation in words like

Ch is a combination of letters tea, chevar, beautiful, chaman; bitter, for, bitter; power, late in words like
The letter Rr thank you, pleasure, rest, circle, go, say in words like
The letter L lola, worthy, dumb; possible In words like
letter nn:

1) bread, honor; mother, body; with, toward in words such as;

2) sabbath, side, soul; side by side, invisibility in words like n sound sometimes m even though n is written.

The letter GG flower, beautiful; have, match; tag, eg In words like
The letter kk lake, shirt; brother, shuttlecock; vine, wrist in words like ti1 is written to represent an explosive consonant without a back consonant.
The letter yy way, guy, seven, good, summer, star; camel, world, ready; stream, river In words like
Ng is a combination of letters new, heart, sea, sister, come, you went; morning, thousand, equal in words like ti1 is written to represent a back vowel nasal sound.
Qq letter red, purple, forty, real, mind in words like deep tongue is written to represent an explosive consonant without a back consonant.
The letter G'g' goose, bagir, mountain in words like deep tongue is written to express a back-sounding sliding consonant.
The letter xx message, cock, desire, pleasure, happiness, information, nail in words like deep tongue is written to represent a sliding consonant without a back consonant.
The letter Hh harvest, all, spring; reformation, marriage in words like
Spelling of the accompanying consonants:

1) high, Samarkand, train; friend, artist, brick in words like d, t the sound is sometimes written, even if it is not pronounced;

2) metal, kilogram, kilowatt, congress Even though one consonant is spoken at the end of the words like , two letters are written. But if a part starting with the same sound is added to such words, one letter at the end of the word is not written: metall+lar= metals, like kilogram+mi=kilogram.

' - dash sign:

1) excellent, sometimes, gloomy, bowing; opinion, opinion; announcement, attention, belief, architect, blessing, poem, verb; Numan, Shula in possessive words, it is placed after a vowel to express the longer pronunciation of this vowel sound; in words such as miracle, moderate, dignified o ' even if the vowel is pronounced longer, the stop sign is not placed;

2) gift, art, strict, responsible In possessive words like

BASIC AND ADDITIONAL SPELLING

With the addition of a suffix, the vowel at the end of the word changes:

1) a to verbs ending in a vowel -v, -q, -qi when the suffix is added a vowel o is said and written as: election, trial, trial, trial and error; question-and-answer, paint-paint; playfully, casually such as;

2) i to most verbs ending in a vowel -v, -q when the suffix is added it is a vowel u is said and written as: oki - student, gasi - digger, sovi - cold such as. But i to some verbs ending in a vowel -q when the suffix is added it is a vowel i is said and written as: pain-pain, bladder-bladder such as.

Note:

1) to all verbs ending in a consonant -uv is added: ol - get, write - like writing;

2) ending with a consonant, in the composition u to a verb with a vowel - listen is added: uz - ring, yut - win.

Lekin lumpy, wrinkled, loose (also fool) in the third syllable of words like i it is said and written like this.

k, q polysyllabic words ending in a consonant, as well as wait, no when a possessive suffix is added to certain monosyllabic words such as k consonant g consonant q consonant g ' becomes a consonant and is written like this: tilak - your wish, my heart - my heart, cup - cup, beg - begi; stick-stick, song-song, better-better, no-no such as. But when a possessive suffix is added to polysyllabic possessive words and to monosyllabic plural words k, q the sound is actually spoken and written: participation - participation, essay - essay, erk - erki, right - my right, rank - rank, load - load such as.
By adding the following suffixes, the sound in the word structure decreases or increases:

1) seat, belly, nose, son, neck, heart when a possessive suffix is added to some words like no matter what relative form for verbs like -he when the suffix is added, two, six, seven to his words -av, -ala when suffixes are added, the vowel in the second syllable is not pronounced or written: place-place, belly-belly, nose-nose, son-son, heart-heart, half-half; big-big, big-big, yellow-yellow, two-two, two-two, seven-seven such as;

2) he, this, this, that to pronouns -da, -dan, -day, -dagi, -da, -gach, -cha when additives are added n is added and written as: then, such, then, that way such as; possessive suffixes are added to these pronouns as follows: this, that such as;

3) o, o', u, e possessive suffixes are added to words ending in vowels as follows:

a) possessive suffixes to most words -m, -ng, -si; -miz, -ngiz, -si (or-run) is added without increasing the sound: grandfather, grandfather, great-grandfather; our grandfather, your grandfather, grandfather (or grandfathers); my dream, your dream, his dream; our dream, your dream, his dream such as;
b) care, prestige, position, topic, voice one when I, II person possessive suffixes are added to the words y is added and written as: don't care, don't care; our care, your care; my reputation, your reputation; our reputation, your reputation such as; III person possessive suffix care, prestige, prestige, position to his words - yes in the form of god, theme and to his words -Yes is added in the form: tone, theme such as (a genius kabi y word ending with a consonant is also in the third person -Yes is added: genius such as);

4) me, you in the suffix when the suffixes -ni, -ning, -niki are added to the pronouns n the sound is neither spoken nor written: me, mine, mine; you, your, yours such as.

The first sound of the following suffix is spelled the same even if it is pronounced two xiI:

1) -bon, -boz additions sometimes -won, -voz all the time though -bon, -boz is written: keeper, clown such as.

Lekin - little girl suffix is always pronounced and written like this: cousin, aunt such as;

2) past participle and XNUMXrd person indicator -du sometimes the consonant at the beginning of the suffix t all the time though d is written: at work, copper, left, did not come such as.

The vowel of the following suffixes is pronounced in two or three ways and is written like this:

1) a verb maker from imitation words -ilia (rattle, knock) suffix in the word structure v or u when there is a sound - ulla is said and written as: Shovulla, lovulla, gurulla such as;

2) a form of ratio is to monosyllabic words ending with a voiced consonant (Kel other than the word), as well as z An accusative ending in a consonant is added after the relative clause: chase, bend, laugh, burn; it is transparent such as. In all other cases it is an addition - tir is said and written as: make, make, shame, call such as;

3) addition of the agreement of departure - for, denoting the limit up to, formative of the adverbial form - all, until, - that's it, - gudek, forming an adjective form - gan, the second person indicative of the imperative mood - gin, also - only suffix is pronounced three ways and written like this:

a) k when added to words ending in a consonant, the initial sound of these suffixes k is said and written as: Tokka such as;
b) q when added to words ending in a consonant, the initial sound of these suffixes q is said and written as: to the village, to the village, to like, to leave such as;
d) in all other cases, what sound the word ends with and the initial sound of these suffixes k or q regardless of what is said g is written: to the leaf, to the pedagogue, to the steam, to the health, until it is enough

REVIEW QUESTIONS:

In which words, even if the vowel a is pronounced o, it is written in its original form?
Talk about the spelling of adjacent vowels.
State the rules for spelling consonants that differ in pronunciation and spelling.
How are consonants written next to each other?
State the rules for the change of the vowel sound at the end of the word with the addition of a suffix.
What suffixes are added to the word to make the sound in the word drop?
Which consonants are characterized by the change of the sound at the end of the word with the addition of a suffix?

REFERENCES

1. Spelling rules of the Uzbek language. 1995

2. Rakhmatullaev Sh. New alphabet and spelling of the Uzbek language. 1995

Rakhmatullaev Sh. Spelling rules are the basis of our literacy. Tashkent. 1980
Jamolhanov H. Current Uzbek literary language. Tashkent. 2005

Basic spelling rules of the Uzbek language

Plan :

Addition.
Write with a dash.
Write separately.

BASIC CONCEPTS

Addition. Repeat word.
Write separately. Auxiliary verb..
Write with a dash. Enhanced quality.
Compound noun. An isophatic compound.
Compound quality. Downloads.
Compound verb. Ordinal number.
A complex number. Arabic number.
An even number. Roman numeral.

ADDITIONAL WRITING

Room, noma, stem, bop, good, also, give, less, general, color, customer, quality, demand compound nouns and compound adjectives formed using words such as: reception, greeting card, invitation, bedapoya, popular, good news, conversationalist, calm, weak, wheatish, universal, cold customer, devsifat, sutalab such as.
-(a) p (denial - noCompound nouns and compound adjectives ending with the suffix ) are written by adding: a substitute, a horseman, a deserter, a heathen, a thistle such as.
Nouns and verbs formed by adding suffixes to repeated imitation words are written by adding: pirpirak (pir-pir+ak), hayhayla (hay-hay+la), gijgijla (gij-gij+la) such as.
It is written by adding a compound noun and a compound adjective to relate (comparison) something (subject) to something else, by analogy: Trumpet, mushroom, sorrel, aybolta, devkomat, sheryurak, almond, gorse such as.
Compound nouns are added to denote a thing based on its color, taste, something in itself, and similar signs: larch, qizilishton, bitter stone, centipede such as.
Compound nouns indicating that something is intended for a purpose or work are added: kirsovon, price board, tokkaychi, ashrayhan, molkora, noskovok, glasses such as.
Compound nouns that refer to things in relation to a place are written by adding: togolcha, cholyalpiz, suvilon, kashkargul such as.
Compound nouns denoting ritual, legend, etc. are added: kiryuvdi, kelintushdi, karyogdi, Urtoqmoq, Achildasturkhan such as.
Compound nouns formed by turning the indicative compound into one word are written by adding: mingbashi, preface, etc such as.
The second part is written by adding a local noun expressed by a related noun or by the word abod: Yangiyol, Tortkoi, Mirzaabad, Khalqabad such as. But the place where the second part is a proper noun is written separately: Central Asia, Old Urganch, Middle Chirchik such as.
Compound words that are borrowed from the Russian language or created by word-for-word translation are added: cinema, radio station, camera, electrical engineering, TV show, semi-automatic, holiday, underwater such as.
All types of abbreviations and additions to them are written by adding: SamDU, ToshDU such as. But two adjacent abbreviations are written separately: UzKDPMK (Central Council of the People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan) such as.
If one sound is pronounced as two or more sounds, such a situation is indicated by repeating the letter: no, nimaa, himm, ufff, etc.

WRITING WITH A LINE

Double words and repeated parts of words are written with a hyphen: country, kindness, melon-watermelon, safe-safe, night-day, summer-winter, gradually, three-four, fifteen (10-15), known-unknown, went-came, burnt-cooked, grain-dun, little-moz, small-small, cheat-tricked, 0yal-netib, without asking-not, clothes-clothes, adi-badi, ikir-chikir, duk- duk-tuk-tuk, bag-bag, thousand-thousands (thousands-thousands), one-by-one (one-by-one), high-high, chopa-chopa, work-work, close-close, all-all, house- home, inside such as.

Note:

1) words made from pairs of words with the help of suffixes are also hyphenated

written with: happy, as if to say goodbye;

2) between pairs of word parts -u (-yu) if a conjunction comes, a hyphen is placed before it and the pairs of words are written separately: dost-u dushman (friend-enemy), like night and day (night and day);

3) with a hyphen if the leading and auxiliary verbs are in the same form

it is written: he wrote-he took it, you go-you do it, I slept-I stayed.

Word forms that strengthen the sign, such as red-red, green-green, dum-dumalok, kuppa-kunduzi, to 'ppa-to 'gry, bab-barobar are written with a dash (but the word white is added) .
Of the word -ma, ba- The parts connected with the help of suffixes are written with a dash: street-chama-cha, house-house, colorful, dam-badam, etc. But when a part that is not used independently is involved, such words are added: like darbadar, darbadar.
Words taken from the Russian language literally or through literal translation are written with a hyphen according to the original: such as unter-officer, kilowatt-hour.
-chi, -a (-ya), -ku, -u (-yu), -da, -e; -ey (-ey) prepositions are written with a dash: what about you, let's go, you-a, I'm waiting-a, boy-ya, thousand-ya, came-ku, came-he, good-yu, good-da, let, live -e, like my son-ey, came-ey. But -mi, -aq (-yak), -ov (-yov), -gina (-kina, -qina) Prepositions are written by adding to the word that comes before it: like kelyoq, uzyoyok, korganov, kordiyov, mengina, koshoqiqna.
If the ordinal number is written in Arabic numerals, - nth instead of the suffix

dash (-) is placed: 7th grade, 5th "A" grade, 3rd, 7th, 8th grade students, 60s, September 1991, 1. Roman numerals indicating ordinal numbers are not followed by a hyphen: XX century, as in class X.

SEPARATE WRITING

The parts of the compound verb are written separately: spend, affect, finish, buy, bring, take out, etc.
Auxiliary verbs and incomplete verbs are written separately from independent verbs: tell, take, ask, stay, see, start giving, fell; he was gone, as he was gone, as if he was gone. But if there is a sound change between the independent verb and the auxiliary verb, such parts are added: aytaver (say), boroladi (can go), bilarkan (as he knows).
Auxiliaries are written separately: thus, hourly, increasingly, as much as, all day. But balance sheet of his assistant -the shape, for of his assistant - for form is written with a hyphen: like sen-la, sen-chun.
All, each, none, one, which, he, this, this, that words are written separately from the word that follows or precedes it: all the time, everyone, none, what day, there, from this side, to that side. But the words birpas, a little, biratola, birvarakayiga, birmuncha, and since are added:

Also where the word fire, earth a y sound when used with words

if it falls, these words are added: to where, like where.

Coming before the adjective, it means more or less of the sign thick, thick, tim, liq, lang, open Words such as: dark red, thick wet, deep black, liq full, lang light, pale yellow are written separately.
Complex numbers are written separately: eleven, five hundred, forty thousand six hundred and one, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-fifth.
From year to year, from tom to tom, the first part is in the exit agreement, and the second part is in the departure agreement.
Denoting the degree of excess of the symbol, it is written separately from many, free from free, new from new, open from open, hot from hot.
Isophatic compounds are written separately. Addition to words ending with a consonant i in the form, to words ending with a vowel yi is added in the form: Dardi bedavo, point of view, biography. But words that cannot be added, as well as one or both parts of which are not used independently in the Uzbek language, are added: gulbeor (guli beor), dardisar, etc.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

What compound noun and compound adjective parts are written together?
Talk about the spelling of words that are spelled separately.
What rules do you know for writing compound place names?
How to spell double and repeated words?
Talk about the rules for writing downloads.

REFERENCES

1. Spelling rules of the Uzbek language. 1995

2. Rakhmatullaev Sh. New alphabet and spelling of the Uzbek language. 1995

Rakhmatullaev Sh. Spelling rules are the basis of our literacy. Tashkent. 1980
Jamolhanov H. Current Uzbek literary language. Tashkent. 2005

Basic spelling rules of the Uzbek language

Plan :

Spelling of capital letters
Transfer rules.
Comments on spelling rules.

BASIC CONCEPTS

Person's name.
Father's name.
Nicknames; place names; names of stars and planets; animal names; names of cultural and household objects; titles of works of art; historical event.
Holiday names; joint displacement.
Syllable displacement in proper words.

CAPITAL LETTERS SPELLING

A person's first name, patronymic, last name, nickname, symbolic title begins with a capital letter: Dilbar, Orinova Muhabbat Majidovna, Azamat Shuhrat son, Hamza Hakimzada, Muhammadsharif Sofizoda, Mannon Otaboy, Navoi, Furqat; Yelpigichkhan, Salamjon Alikov such as.
Place names begin with a capital letter: Andijan, Yangiyol (cities), Naymancha, Bulogboshi (villages), Bodomzor, Chigatoy (neighborhoods), Zavraq (gorge), Yorgoq (pasture), Karatog, Pamir (mountains), Oktepa, Uchtepa (hills) ), Zarafshan, Syrdaryo (rivers), Yoyilma (canal); Turkey, India (countries) such as. The adjective in such a noun is also written with a capital letter: North Caucasus, Central Kyzylkum such as.
Names of stars, planets, and other celestial bodies begin with a capital letter: Hulkar, Kavs, Mirrix (name of star and planets), Sea of peace Like (name of terrain on the moon). Earth, sun, and moon related nouns are capitalized only when they are the names of planets: The Earth revolves around the Sun, and the Moon revolves around the Earth.
The names of cultural-household and trade enterprises, works of literature and art, industrial and food products, as well as vehicles and sports facilities begin with a capital letter: "Tong" (hotel), "Saodat" (company), "Navroz" (charity fund), "Kamalak" (printing association), "Guncha" (kindergarten), "Botanika" (sanatorium) "Pakhtakor" (stadium), "Kutlug' blood" (novel), "Dilorom" (opera), "Tanovar" (music), "Freedom" (statue), "Jasorat" (monument), "Sino" ( refrigerator) such as.
The first word in the names of important historical dates and holidays begins with a capital letter: Independence Day, Remembrance Day, Eid Ramadan, Nowruz holiday such as.
Every word in the names of states, state higher organizations and positions, international organizations begins with a capital letter: The Republic of Uzbekistan, the Russian Federation, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Chairman of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the United Nations, the World Peace Council such as.

In names with other content, only the first word denoting a higher position begins with a capital letter: Deputy Prime Minister; Minister of Defense, Union of Writers, National Democratic Party of Uzbekistan such as.

The first word in the name of ministries and agencies, enterprises and organizations begins with a capital letter: Ministry of Health, State Committee of Science and Technology, Academy of Sciences, Institute of Linguistics such as.

Each word in the name of the state's highest award begins with a capital letter: "Hero of Uzbekistan" (title), "Golden Star" (medal). Other awards, honorary titles, badges begin with the first word in the name: "For a healthy generation" (order), "Honorary scientist of Uzbekistan" (honorary title), "Excellence of printing" as (target).
The first word of the sentence begins with a capital letter: I looked at the Holy One from under the ground. (O. Yakubov)

Note:

1) the first word of the author's sentence that comes after the quotation sentence (if it is not a proper noun) is written with a lowercase letter: "It's me," he replied fearfully (0. Yakubov);

2) when the countable parts of the sentence are removed from the paragraph, a dash is placed before such parts and they are written with a lowercase letter:

During the preparation of the administrative offense case, the relevant body (official) shall consider the following issues:

— whether consideration of this case falls within the scope of law;

— a protocol on an administrative offense and other related to the work

decides whether the materials are properly structured …;

3) if the parts of the sentence are listed with a number in parentheses or a letter in parentheses, such parts are also written in lowercase letters:

The vocabulary of the current Uzbek literary language is mainly composed on the basis of five sources: 1) common Turkish words, 2) Uzbek words, 3) words from the Tajik language, 4) words from the Arabic language, 5) words from the Russian language (from the textbook "Uzbek language").

Abbreviations consisting of the initial letter of the nouns, abbreviations of some compounds that are not proper nouns are written with a capital letter: Aqsh (United States of America), BMT (United Nations), BEA (nuclear power plant). If the abbreviation contains a part equal to a syllable, only its first letter is capitalized: ToshDTU (Tashkent State Technical University).

TRANSFER RULES

The part of a polysyllabic word that does not fit on the previous line is moved to the next line by syllables: toq-san, si-fatli, quality, pax-ta-kor, grower such as. The stop sign is left in the preceding syllable: va'-da, ma'-rifat, mash'-al, in'-om such as.
If the first or last syllable of the word consists of one letter, they are transliterated as follows:

1) a syllable consisting of one letter at the beginning of a word is not left alone in the previous line: a-badi, not eternal, e-shik, not from the door such as;

2) a syllable consisting of one letter at the end of a word is not moved to the next line by itself: defense it's not, protection, printing press it's not, mat-baa such as.

Two or more consonants occurring at the boundary of the syllables of possessive words are transposed as follows:

1) if two consonants come next to each other, they are moved together to the next line: diagram, monograph such as.

2) if three consonants come next to each other, the first consonant is left in the previous line, and the remaining two consonants are moved to the next line: silin-drik such as.

A combination of letters indicating one sound (sh, ch, ng) is copied together: pe-shayvan, pe-shona, mai-shat, pi-chok, bi-chik-chi, si-ngil, de-niz such as.
Abbreviations consisting of capital letters or a part equal to a syllable and capital letters, as well as multi-digit numbers are not copied from line to line: USA, UN, ToshDU, 16, 245, 1994, XIX such as.
A conditional symbol consisting of a letter cannot be copied separately from the corresponding number: 5- "A" class, V "B" group, 110 gr, 15 ha, 105 m, 25 cm, 90 mm such as.
A number that is part of a noun is separated from the name and is not moved to the next line: "Navroz-92" (festival), "Teacher-91" (viewing contest), "Andijan-9", "Termiz-16" (cotton varieties), "Boing- 767" (airplane), Foton-774" (television) such as.
In the case of AJ Jabbarov, AD Abduvaliyev, abbreviations equal to the first letter of the name and patronymic are not copied separately from the surname. also etc (and others), sh.k. (such as these) and literal abbreviations are not copied separately from the preceding word.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

How to spell personal names?
What objects are included in place names (toponyms)? Give examples of their writing.
Give examples of how each word in countries and occupations is spelled.
What historical events and holiday names do you know? Explain the rule for writing these names.

REFERENCES

1. Spelling rules of the Uzbek language. 1995

2. Rakhmatullaev Sh. New alphabet and spelling of the Uzbek language. 1995

Rakhmatullaev Sh. Spelling rules are the basis of our literacy. Tashkent. 1980
Jamolhanov H. Current Uzbek literary language. Tashkent. 2005

SHARE WITH FRIENDS:

Basic spelling rules of the Uzbek language

Plan :

Spelling of vowels.

Spelling of consonants.

Places of use of the arrest sign/

Basic and adverbial spelling.

BASIC CONCEPTS

6. Basis.

7. Additional.

Sound option. Sound change.

Concomitant vowels. Increase in volume.

Concomitant consonants. Sound reduction.

Letter A:

1) brother, flame, connection, brother; September, November in words such as, the front line is written to represent a broad vowel;

2) spring, time; question, body; the temptation a is pronounced and written in the front syllable of words such as time and time.

The letter O:

1) mother, survivor, sun, sacrifice, price, aunt, Latin; reward, skill in words like, the back row is written to represent a broad vowel;

2) box, train, ton, loot; agronomist, microphone; director, thermos is written to represent the vowel in possessive words such as

The letter Ii:

1) work, trace, do; threshing, inspiration, two, specialty, silk, fox; volida, pyramid; with, but, sira, village, lamp in words such as, the front line is written to represent a narrow vowel;

2) firewood, plum, section as in the previous syllable o ' in the next syllable of words where a vowel occurs i spoken and written.

The letter uu:

1) house, day; calf, spring, Bukhara; whole, plane, method, star; ideology; mirror, sleep; aluminum, jubilee in words like, the back row is written to represent a narrow vowel;

2) melon, soap, sound, evil, pheasant, chermuvuk in the preceding syllable of words like o when a vowel comes, at the beginning of the next closed syllable v after a consonant u spoken and written.

The letter O grass, arrow, Uzbek, plant, ball; Stupid, fat, flower bed, inappropriate in words like

The letter ee crop, remember, evara, screen, export; come, mind; yesterday, quince; telephone, theater; train, atelier; announcement, blessing, poem in words like

Spelling of accompanying vowels:

1) sometimes between vowels y even if it is pronounced with a consonant, it is not written:

a) i: material, billion, radiator; nature, sharia such as;

b) io: biology, million, stadium, radio such as;

d) Who: mosaic, Ukrainian, said, life such as;

e) hey: alcoloid, ellipsoid, always, poet, family such as;

f) yes: theater, ocean, laureate such as;

2) ae, oe second vowel when vowels occur within a word y even if it is said, according to the original e is written: an aerostat, a poem such as.

In other cases, the accompanying vowels are usually pronounced and written exactly: interest, rubber, aorta, happiness, bourgeois, shuaro, structure, industry, vacuum, problem, press, natural, compliance and others.

SPELLING OF CONSONANTS

The letter Bb:

1) grandpa, spring, one, forced, tattoo in words like;

2) book, hundreds, come at the end of words like p even though b is written;

3) qibla, tobla sometimes in words like v even though b is written.

The letter Pp cotton, knife, sister, top, bush, cover is written to represent a voiceless explosive lip consonant in words like

The letter Vv:

1) hunting, water, groom; voice, question; volida, homeland in words like;

2) bus, auto in adjectival words such as v sometimes f even though v is written.

Letter F:

1) science, verb, football, physics; asphalt, double; honesty, waste in words like;

2) season, grace, Fatima, opportunity in words like f sound sometimes p even if it is said, according to the original f is written.

Mm letter in words such as moy, mubarak, tamo, ilhom, the voiced lip-lab is written to express the nasal consonant.

Letter D:

1) field, habit, structure, substance, serious in words such as;

2) manners, literacy, pearl; factory, pud, court; a bastard, a bastard in words like t even though d is written.

The letter Tt morning, night; whole, firewood, grass, wait in words like ti1 is written to represent a voiceless explosive consonant.

Letter Z:

1) dice, time; clean, Uzbek; summer, goose in words like;

2) suffering, izquvar, desolator, without salt before a voiceless consonant in words like s even though z is written.

The letter Ss healthy, straw, easy, base, diamond in words like

Sh sh is a combination of letters city, glass, joy; love, ripe; head, rock in words like

S h If the letters represent two sounds, a hyphen (') is placed between them: Is'haq, like Ash'ab.

Letter Jj:

1) soul, world, business, commerce; development in words such as, it is written to express a mixed consonant with a pre-tongue sound;

2) magazine, projector; gijda, dragon, circulation in words like

Ch is a combination of letters tea, chevar, beautiful, chaman; bitter, for, bitter; power, late in words like

The letter Rr thank you, pleasure, rest, circle, go, say in words like

The letter L lola, worthy, dumb; possible In words like

letter nn:

1) bread, honor; mother, body; with, toward in words such as;

2) sabbath, side, soul; side by side, invisibility in words like n sound sometimes m even though n is written.

The letter GG flower, beautiful; have, match; tag, eg In words like

The letter kk lake, shirt; brother, shuttlecock; vine, wrist in words like ti1 is written to represent an explosive consonant without a back consonant.

The letter yy way, guy, seven, good, summer, star; camel, world, ready; stream, river In words like

Ng is a combination of letters new, heart, sea, sister, come, you went; morning, thousand, equal in words like ti1 is written to represent a back vowel nasal sound.

Qq letter red, purple, forty, real, mind in words like deep tongue is written to represent an explosive consonant without a back consonant.

The letter G'g' goose, bagir, mountain in words like deep tongue is written to express a back-sounding sliding consonant.

The letter xx message, cock, desire, pleasure, happiness, information, nail in words like deep tongue is written to represent a sliding consonant without a back consonant.

The letter Hh harvest, all, spring; reformation, marriage in words like

Spelling of the accompanying consonants:

1) high, Samarkand, train; friend, artist, brick in words like d, t the sound is sometimes written, even if it is not pronounced;

2) metal, kilogram, kilowatt, congress Even though one consonant is spoken at the end of the words like , two letters are written. But if a part starting with the same sound is added to such words, one letter at the end of the word is not written: metall+lar= metals, like kilogram+mi=kilogram.

' - dash sign:

1) a to verbs ending in a vowel -v, -q, -qi when the suffix is added a vowel o is said and written as: election, trial, trial, trial and error; question-and-answer, paint-paint; playfully, casually such as;

The first sound of the following suffix is spelled the same even if it is pronounced two xiI:

Lekin - little girl suffix is always pronounced and written like this: cousin, aunt such as;