Ghafur Ghulam was born on May 1903, 10 in Tashkent to a poor family. His parents Gulom aka and Toshbibi received the first education. But the cruel fate did not rub his head much in his youth.
Ghafur, who was separated from his father (1912) and mother (1918), was orphaned as a child. The so-called "poverty and deprivation" embraced thousands of children, including the great poet of the future - the "wanderer of the decades." Etikdoz looked after the carpenter, looked after his sisters during the day, and guarded the mill in the neighboring neighborhood in the evening. He guarded the garden of a rich man named Sariboy. Many years later, Ghafur Ghulam masterfully incorporated the services of this rich man into his story “Shum bola”.
The beginning of the First World War (1914), the hardships and tragedies that befell the people due to forced labor (1916), saw with their own eyes, experienced for themselves.
In 1916 he entered the Russian-language school. This scholarship helped Ghafyr Ghulam later, after the October coup, to work as a typist in a printing house and to attend an 8-month teacher's course.
The Komsomol of the 20s did a great job in instilling a Soviet and revolutionary spirit in the youth, giving them opportunities and privileges. He worked as a teacher, principal in new schools, and headed a boarding school.
The boarding school became a sanctuary that played a major role in the fate of Ghafir Ghulam. The work and life here intensified his personal and social feelings. One day, the orphan without a caregiver looked at the children, felt sorry for them, felt humiliated, and remembered his life in the orphanage. His emotions were aroused, and the necklace was poured on paper, not on his eyes, as tears. This was Ghafur Ghulam's first poem. A new poet was born in Uzbek and world literature.
Thus, during his almost 45 years of work, Ghafur Ghulam published many poems, epics, essays, feuilletons, comics, short stories, short stories, articles, and translations. They have been compiled and published in more than a hundred collections and books.
Working as a literary worker and special correspondent for “Mushtum”, “Yer Yuzi”, “Sharq Haqiqati” and “Kizil O'zbekiston” newspapers gave Gafur Gulam a deep understanding of the hot spots of public life and the pure climate of his contemporaries. created opportunities to feel.
In his poems of the 20s, Ghafur Ghulam focused on singing about the new attitudes, demands, and notions of the new society. In the poems of this period, there were many poems that were more narrative than artistic, and confession was more important than passion.
Reflection of the life of the people and the state has become a leading feature of the poet's works since the 30s. This feature is especially noticeable in the poem "On the roads of Turksib" and the epic "Kokan".
The epic "Kokan" artistically reflects the life of the people in the late 20s and early 30s. At the same time, it plays an important ideological role in strengthening and consolidating this principle. True, coercion in the transition to and transfer to the collective farm, as well as the destruction of many middle-class homes, has also occurred. But along with these shortcomings, mistakes and limitations, given that the collective farm also played a positive role in the fate of a certain layer of the Uzbek farmer, his recovery, the recovery of the farm, the epic Uzbek peasant thinking, worldview and is important as an artistic document of abrupt changes in lifestyle.
Ghafir Ghulam wrote many poems and epics throughout his life. Influenced by Soviet policy and the ideology of the Communist Party, he called on the people to live and work in a spirit of high ideals. He glorified goodness, kindness, brotherhood, friendship. He called on the people to mobilize in the path of great purpose and thought. It encourages us to look to the future with high hopes. These are important features inherent in his works.
It is the profound observations of the lyrical protagonist in the artistic chanting of these qualities, and the diversity, richness, ambiguity, wisdom, in a word, the philosophical poet, through his wisdom and the images that embody this wisdom. appears as an important sign of creativity.
Dear moments of our dear age
Dear people ask dear
Opportunity is a trophy, with royal lines
It is time to decorate the notebook of life.
(From the poem "Time")
Some of Ghafur Ghulam's poems are based on historical events, information and personal images. Such works are as accurate as the artistic chronicle of history, the destiny of the historical figure, the reflection of his image. Such poems are characteristic of the poems "On the roads of Turksib", "Memory of Hamza", "The first cosmonaut in the history of mankind."
Ghafur Ghulam was a scholar who knew the history, philosophy and culture of the East and the West with extraordinary depth. Therefore, in most of his poems, from the Bible to the Babylonian, Gothic patterns - large and small historical events, information, this or that person, the facts associated with them, the lines of the traditions of the peoples of the world, the names of historical places absorbed into the artistic texture.
Ghafur Ghulam wrote many poems in the form of a calendar throughout his career. Such poems dedicated to everyday, transient events and happenings, such as May 1, October 7, Constitution Day, party and Komsomol congresses, literary decades, socialist competitions, the implementation of the cotton plan, are in the history of literature and in the author's work. also left no noticeable mark. This was no secret to the poet himself. After all, many of these poems were not included not only in the "Selected Works" of self-respecting poets, but also in their regularly published collections. Ghulam is no exception. However, it should also be noted that philosophical images imbued with forgiving greatness and wisdom are also found in his calendar poems.
Ghafur Ghulam created and worked until his last breath. For many years he worked as a researcher at the Institute of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. He wrote many scientific articles and translations, as well as works of art. His works have also been translated into dozens of languages.
In return for his work, he was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. He became a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Republic. He was awarded the high title of "People's Poet of Uzbekistan." His works of art won the highest awards of the Soviet country. His perfect collection of twelve volumes has been published.
