Wednesday, December 9, 2020. 344th day of the year. There are 22 days remaining until the end of the year.
? HISTORICAL EVENTS?
480 - Odoacer, the first king of Italy, conquers Dalmatia. He then established his political power in collaboration with the Roman Senate.
536 - Gothic War: Byzantine commander Belisarius enters Rome without resistance; the Gothic garrison flees the capital.
730 - Battle of Marj Ardabil: The Khazars destroy the Umayyad army and kill its commander, Al-Jarrah Ibn Abdullah al-Hakami.
1531 - Juan Diego first appears in Tepeyak, Mexico, the virgin daughter of Guadalupe.
1688 - Glorious Revolution: William's forces defeat the Jacobites in the Battle of Reading and force James II to flee the country.
1775 - American Revolutionary War: British troops are defeated in the Battle of the Great Bridge and soon leave Virginia.
1824 - Patriotic forces led by General Antonio Jose de Sucre put an end to the Peruvian War of Independence and defeat the Royal Army at the Battle of Ayakucho.
1835 - Texas Revolution: The Texan Army occupies San Antonio, Texas.
1851 - The first YMCA in North America is established in Montreal.
1856 - Bushehr, Iran surrenders to occupied British troops.
1861 - American Civil War: A joint committee is formed by the U.S. Congress to conduct the war.
1868 - The first traffic lights are installed outside Westminster Palace in London. Like railway signals, they use semaphore arms and are illuminated with red and green gas lamps at night.
1872 - PBS Pinchbeck becomes the first African-American governor of the United States in Louisiana.
1905 - A law separating the church and the state is passed in France.
1911 - A mine blast in Brisville, Tennessee, kills 84 miners, despite rescue efforts led by the U.S. Bureau of Mines.
1917 - World War I: Field Marshal Allenby captures the Palestinian city of Jerusalem.
1922 - Gabriel Narutovich is elected the first president of Poland.
1931 - Founder Cortes approves the constitution of the Second Spanish Republic.
1935 - Student protests in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, now Beijing, are dispersed by the government.
1935 - Walter Liggett, American newspaper editor and crook, is assassinated.
1937 - Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking: Japanese troops, led by Lieutenant General Asaka Yasuhiko, attack Nanjing, China.
1940 - World War II: Operation Compass: British and Indian troops, led by Major General Richard O'Connor, attack Italian forces near Sidi Barrani in Egypt.
1941 - World War II: China, Cuba, Guatemala and the Commonwealth of the Philippines declare war on Germany and Japan.
1941 - World War II: A group of 19th American bombers attack Japanese ships off the coast of Wigan, Luzon.
1946 - The "Next Nuremberg Trials" begin with the "Court of Physicians," which prosecuted doctors and officers found to have been involved in human experiments and massacres carried out by the Nazis under the guise of euthanasia.
1946 - The Constituent Assembly of India convenes for the first time to draft the Constitution of India.
1948 - The Genocide Convention is adopted.
1950 - Cold War: Harry is sentenced to 30 years in prison for helping Golden Klaus Fuchs pass information about the Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union. His testimony later played an important role in the trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.
1961 - Tanganyika becomes independent from Britain.
1965 - UFO incident in Kecksburg: Fire appears from Michigan to Pennsylvania; witnesses reported that something fell in the woods near Pittsburgh.
1968 - Douglas Engelbart publicly debuts the computer mouse, hypertext, and bitmap graphical user interface using the oN-Line System (NLS), earning him the title of "Mother of All Demos."
1969 - U.S. Secretary of State William P. Rogers proposes a plan to end the truce in the War of Independence; Egypt and Jordan accepted this in September 1970 because of the FHC’s objections that led to the civil war in Jordan.
1971 - Indo-Pakistani War: The Indian Air Force bypasses the Pakistani defense and carries out an airfield of Indian Army units.
1973 - The governments of Great Britain and Ireland sign the Sunningdale Agreement, intending to establish an executive and frontier council for the separation of powers in Northern Ireland.
1979 - The smallpox virus is certified to be eradicated, making it the first of two diseases that led to the extinction of smallpox (a backup disease in 2011).
1987 - Israeli-Palestinian conflict: The first intifada in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank begins.
1992 - US troops land in Somalia for Operation Hope.
1996 - Gwen Jacob Ontario is released in Canada for misconduct, giving women the right to wear no outerwear.
2003 - A bomb blast in central Moscow kills six and injures several others.
2008 - Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich is arrested by federal officials for attempting to sell a Senate seat vacated by President-elect Barack Obama.
2012 - A plane crash in Mexico kills seven people.
2013 - At least seven people are killed and 63 injured in a train crash near the Indonesian city of Bintaro.
? BORN?
1561 - Edwin Sandis, English lawyer and politician (died 1629).
1571 - Metius, Dutch mathematician and astronomer (died 1635)
1579 - Martin de Porres, Saint of Peru (died 1639)
1594 - Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (died 1632)
1608 - John Milton, English poet and philosopher (died 1674)
1610 - Baldassare Ferri, Italian singer and actor (died 1680).
1617 - Richard Lovelace, English poet (died 1657)
1652 - Augustus Quirinus Rivinus, German physician and botanist (died 1723).
1667 - William Whiston, English mathematician, historian and theologian (died 1752).
1717 - Johann Joachim Winckelmann, German archaeologist and historian (died 1768).
1721 - Peter Pelham, Anglo-American organist and composer (died 1805).
1728 - Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi, Italian composer (died 1804)
1745 - Maddalena Laura Sirmen, Italian violinist and composer (died 1818).
1748 - Claude Louis Bertollet, French chemist and academic (died 1822).
1787 - John Dobson, English architect, Eldon Square and Lilburn Tower (died 1865).
1845 - Joel Chandler Harris, American journalist and author (died 1908)
1850 - Emma Abbott, American soprano and actress (died 1891)
1861 - Elene Smith, French psychologist and occultist (died 1929)
1868 - Fritz Haber, Polish German chemist and academician, Nobel Laureate (died 1934)
1870 - Ida S. Scudder, Indian physician and missionary (died 1960).
1870 - Francisco S. Carvajal, Mexican lawyer and politician, becomes president in 1914 (died 1932).
1871 - Joe Kelley, American baseball player and manager (died 1943)
1873 - George Blevett, Canadian philosopher, author and academic (died 1912)
1876 - Burton Churchill, Canadian American actor and singer (died 1940)
1983 - Neslihan Demir Darnel, Turkish volleyball player
1983 - Dariusz Dudka, Polish footballer
1984 - Michael Adam, German politician
1984 - Angel Girado, Spanish-Filipino footballer
1984 - Leon Hall, American footballer
1985 - Will Besseling, Dutch golfer
1987 - Costas Jannoulis, Greek footballer
1987 - Matt Latos, American baseball player
1987 - Hikaru Nakamura, Japanese-American chess player
1988 - Kwadwo Asamoah, Ghanaian footballer
1990 - Denis Hannema, Dutch cricketer
1991 - Choi Minho, Korean singer and actor
1993 - Mark McMorris, Canadian snowboarder
1993 - Laura Smulders, Dutch cyclist
1995 - McKayla Maroni, American gymnast
1996 - MyKayla Skinner, American gymnast
1999 - Riley Clemmons, American Christian musician
2000 - Diana Chikitina, Latvian figure skater
■ THE DEAD ■
638 - Sergius I of Constantinople
730 - Al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah, Arab general
748 - Nasr ibn Sayyar, Umayyad general and politician (663).
933 - Li Kongrong, later Prince of Tang
1117 - Gertrude Brunswick, Markgrafin in Maigren
1165 - Malcolm IV of Scotland (born 1141)
1242 - Richard le Gras, English Lord Guard and Evesham Abbotsi
1268 - Weissvilkas, Prince of Black Ruthenia, Grand Duke of Lithuania
1299 - Bohemond I, Archbishop of Trier
1437 - Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1368)
1544 - Theophilo Folengo, Italian poet (born 1491)
1636 - Fabian Birkowski, Polish preacher and author (born 1566).
1641 - Anthony van Dyke, Belgian-English painter and painter (born 1599).
1669 - Pope Clement IX (born 1600)
1674 - Edward Hyde, 1st Count of Clarendon, English historian and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (born 1609).
1706 - Peter II of Portugal (born 1648)
1718 - Vincenzo Coronelli, Italian monk and cartographer (born 1650).
1761 - Tarabai, Queen of Chatrapati Rajaram (born 1675) [12]
1793 - Yolande de Polastron, French-Austrian teacher (born 1749)
1906 - Ferdinand Brunetiere, French writer and critic (born 1849)
1916 - Natsume Susi, Japanese author and poet (born 1867)
1924 - Bernard Zweers, Dutch composer and teacher (born 1854)
1930 - Rube Foster, American baseball player and manager (born 1879).
1941 - Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Russian author, poet and philosopher (born 1865).
1943 - Georges Dufrenoy, French painter (born 1870)
1944 - Laird Cregar, American actor (1913 y. T.).
1945 - Yun Chi Ho, South Korean activist and politician (born 1864)
1957 - Ali Ihsan Sobis, Turkish general (born 1882).
1963 - Daniel O. Fagunva, Nigerian author and teacher (born 1903).
1963 - Perry Miller, American historian, author and academic (born 1905).
1964 - Edith Situell, English poet and critic (born 1887)
1965 - Branch Ricky, American baseball player and manager (born 1884).
1967 - Charles Leon Hammes, Luxembourg lawyer and judge, 3rd President of the European Court of Justice (born 1898).
1968 - Enoch L. Johnson, chief of the American Mafia (born 1883).
1970 - Artem Mikoyan, Armenian-Russian engineer and businessman, founded the Mikoyan Company (born 1905).
1970 - Feroz Khan Nun, Pakistani politician, 7th Prime Minister of Pakistan (born 1893).
1971 - Ralph Bunche, American political scientist, academic and diplomat, Nobel Laureate (born 1904)
1971 - Sergei Konenkov, Russian sculptor and painter (born 1874).
1972 - Louella Parsons, American writer and commentator (born 1881)
1975 - William A. Wellman, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (born 1896).
1991 - Berenice Abbott, American photographer (born 1898)
1995 - Tony Cade Bambara, American writer and academic (born 1939)
1995 - Douglas Corrigan, American pilot (born 1907)
1996 - Patti Donahu, American songwriter (born 1956)
1996 - Mary Leakey, English archaeologist and anthropologist (born 1913)
1998 - Archie Moore, American boxer and actor (born 1913)
2001 - Michael Carver, Baron Carver, English Field Marshal (born 1915)
2002 - Mary Hansen, Australian singer and guitarist (born 1966)
2002 - Ian Hornak, American painter and sculptor (born 1944).
2002 - Stan Rice, American painter and poet (born 1942)
2003 - Norm Sloan, American basketball player and coach (born 1926).
2003 - Paul Simon, American soldier, journalist and politician, 39th Lieutenant Governor of Illinois (born 1928).
2008 - Yuri Glazkov, Russian general, pilot and astronaut (born 1939)
2010 - James Moody, American saxophonist, flutist and composer (born 1925).
2010 - Dov Shilanski, Lithuanian-Israeli lawyer and politician, 10th Speaker of the Knesset (born 1924).
2012 - Bela Nagy Abodi, Hungarian artist and academician (born 1918).
2012 - Patrick Moore, British lieutenant, astronomer and teacher (1923)
2012 - Alex Moulton, British engineer and businessman, founded the Moulton Bicycle Company (born 1920).
2012 - Jenny Rivera, American songwriter, producer and actress (born 1969).
2013 - John Wilbur, American footballer (born 1943)
2014 - Sakvan Bercovich, Canadian-American author, critic and academic (born 1933).
2014 - Jane Freilicher, American painter and poet (born 1924).
2014 - Jorge Maria Mexia, Argentine Cardinal (born 1923)
2014 - Mary Ann Mobley, American model and actress, Miss America 1959 (1937 y. T.).
2014 - Blagoje Paunovic, Serbian footballer and manager (born 1947).
2014 - Hoje Toporisic, Slovenian linguist and author (born 1926)
2015 - Juvenal Juvensio, Brazilian lawyer and politician (born 1934).
? HOLIDAYS?
● Anna Day marks the start of the process of preparing the lutefisk to be consumed on Christmas Eve, as well as the Swedish name that celebrates all people named Anna. (Sweden and Finland)
● Heroes of the Fatherland Day (Russia)
● Independence Day celebrates Tanganyika’s independence from Britain in 1961. (Tanzania)
● International Anti-Corruption Day (United Nations)
● National Heroes Day, formerly VC Birds Day. (Antigua and Barbuda)
